indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey there; I say; see here
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to burn; to burn with (emotion, feeling); to be fired up
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
status; position; method; way; rule; regulation
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate