to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
please (give me); please (do for me)
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
spatula; (artificially cultured) Japanese crucian carp
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
absorption; suction; aspiration; attraction; draw
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
medical care; medical treatment
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
genius; prodigy; natural gift
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
stairs; stairway; staircase
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to