senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
master; teacher; stable master
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
back off!; leave me alone!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw out; to fire; to expel; to give up; to abandon; to neglect
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
just because; even if; even though
deadline; closing; cofferdam; closed (door, window, etc.)
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
any more; any further; any better; any longer
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
river; stream; River; the ... river
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...