new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
older sister; elder sister
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
on the contrary; far from it; if anything; in fact; instead
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
factory; plant; mill; workshop
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
failure; mistake; blunder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to gasp; to pant; to breathe hard; to suffer; to struggle
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
leaving behind; desertion; abandonment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work