indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
older sister; elder sister
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
older sister and younger brother
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
innermost depths of one's heart
to lock up; to shut up; to imprison
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unconsciousness; unconscious; involuntary; the unconscious
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
gap; opening; spare moment; interval; unguarded moment; carelessness
to overflow from something full
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
Izu (former province located on the Izu Peninsula in present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Izu Islands)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship