to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
wherein; therein; thereinto
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
family; members of a family
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
fortress (surrounded by a wall, moat, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
declaration of war; proclamation of war
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that