indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get help; to enlist aid
Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police
just this side of; one step short of; on the brink
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
section manager; section chief
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
zaibatsu; financial conglomerate; industrial group
head; chief; leader; the greatest of all; the most excellent
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
family; relatives; dependents; household
duty; function; office; mission; task
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
conviction; belief; confidence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by means of; due to; because of; according to
eldest daughter; first-born daughter
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
police; police officer; police station