indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consolation money; solatium; reparation; damages; settlement
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
consequence; outcome; result; blame
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; the present time; just now; another; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
offender; criminal; culprit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
merit (esp. order of merit)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
complete stranger; total stranger
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
man; male; masculine gender
good; goodness; right; virtue