highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
diligent study; devoting oneself to one's studies
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
time; (the) hour; favourable time; opportunity; chance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
time; hour; period; class
evolutionary theory; theory of evolution
matter causing distress; something causing worry
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to ask; to enquire; to query
suffix for familiar person
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)