ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
fine weather; fair weather
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
in the company of; accompanied by ...; as a group comprising ...; likes of ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
superior; first-class; excellent; (that's) just fine!; bring it on!
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
arrival (of post, news, correspondence, etc.); receiving (a phone call, email, etc.)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
end; final; end of life; death; never; not at all
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
every one (of them); (one and) all; without exception; to a man; to the last person
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)