nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
by the way; incidentally; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
to say; to spatter; to prate; to prattle; to babble
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
powerful; strong; forceful; reassuring; encouraging
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...