one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
points paid and received at the end of a game of mahjong based on position (rank)
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
fat; tallow; lard; grease
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
Pacific saury (Cololabis saira); mackerel pike
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
phrase (verse, line); one haiku-poem
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be left without means of sustenance; to be turned adrift in the streets; to be rendered homeless; to be out in the cold; to be down and out
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
long ago; already; a long time ago
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality