pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
by nature; naturally; by birth; inborn
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
to carry on one's back; to bear; to take (responsibility); to assume; to suffer (an injury); to sustain (a wound)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to be born; to come into the world
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to accomplish; to fulfill; to carry out
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become