bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
migratory bird; bird of passage
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
study; research; investigation
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
telephone call; speaking over the telephone; (Internet) voice call; counter for telephone calls of a set duration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
story; tale; talk; discussion
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
(police) detective; criminal matter
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
crash; smash; bang; sound of a large, heavy object falling
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis