win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fighting (against); taking on (an opponent); facing; confronting; competing (with); battle
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
system; organization; organisation; imperial command; laws; regulation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
living thing; living creature; animal; life
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
to (happen to) see; to notice; to catch sight of
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
heave-ho; oops; yes; yeah
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
name; given name; first name
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to be shut; to close; to be firm (of a body, face, etc.); to be well-knit; to be locked; to tighten
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
suffix for familiar person