suddenly; all of a sudden
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
conduct of business; management; acting as agent (of a land owner, house owner, etc.); being in charge (of a house, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
straight; directly; voyage; journey; straight road
many; numerous; various; large number of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fight against; to oppose; to face
while; during; while; although; all; both
Nakasendo (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
moral support; emotional support; spiritual support
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
capture; takeover; hijack; skyjacking
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to devise; to arrange; to plan; to plot
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road; ridge; peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
beyond expectations; beyond what one expected; not foreseen; exceeding assumptions