indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with (skillfully); handling (well); managing
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
washing; laundry; relaxation; rejuvenation; melting away (of worries, fatigue, etc.)
accomplishment; lessons (in an art, skill, etc.); practice
chattering; talk; idle talk; chatty; talkative; chatterbox
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
for the first time in one's life
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
how; in what way; how about
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good(-tasting); nice; delicious; attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too (much); overly; excessively