from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
possibly; by some possibility; perhaps
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to face; to go towards; to head towards
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
department (faculty) of literature
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...