indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to commit suicide; to end one's life; (lit.) to choose death
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
senior high school; high school
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (minor penalty in judo)
crossroads; crossing; intersection; street
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
pupil; student; schoolchild
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to bear; to take (responsibility); to assume; to suffer (an injury); to sustain (a wound)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to condemn; to blame; to urge; to press; to torture; to torment
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
(divine) punishment; curse; retribution