indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis); yellow-spotted pit viper
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be silent; to say nothing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
serious; not joking; straight
consequence; outcome; result; blame
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...