island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
retirement at one's own request
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
form; shape; figure; visage
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one-by-one; separately; in detail
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
consequence; outcome; result; blame
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for