here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
mother-in-law; foster mother; step mother
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
father; dad; husband; you; he
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to confide; to reveal; to disclose; to lay bare; to speak frankly; to open (one's heart)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)