important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
rearing; training; nurture; cultivation; promotion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
father; dad; husband; you; he
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
property; fortune; assets
all; entire; whole; altogether
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
at once; immediately; right now
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
unwillingly; grudgingly; shaking head in refusal (like a child); no!; no no!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
these guys; these fellows
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled