he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Sakamoto Ryōma (1836-1867; samurai and politician)
indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
skillful; skilful; delicious; tasty; good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
absentmindedness; dreaminess; fool; blockhead; hollowness; emptiness
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Japanese man (esp. with traditional, masculine values); Japanese manhood
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
with a pitter-patter; choked up (with emotion); heart-wringing; momentary tightening of one's chest caused by powerful feelings (e.g. parting with a loved one)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become