he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Sakamoto Ryouma (1836.1.3-1867.12.10)
(arch.) indicates emphasis, intention, etc.; indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
serious; not joking; straight
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
absentmindedness; dreaminess; simpleton; fool
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
with a pitter-patter; choked up (with emotion); heart-wringing; momentary tightening of one's chest caused by powerful feelings (e.g. parting with a loved one)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become