indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
all; entire; whole; altogether
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
(starting) from nothing; from scratch
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as before; as ever; as it was originally
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to condemn; to blame; to urge; to press; to torture; to torment
please (give me); please (do for me)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?