constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
(punishment by) striking with fists
hazing; gruelling training; waistband; woman's undergirdle
such a thing; something like that
popular use; circulation; to pass as; to pass for
Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7); reminiscent of the Shōwa era; Shōwa- nostalgic; old-fashioned
remote past; far ago; time immemorial
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
while; during; while; although; all; both
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
whole year; all year round; always; all the time; during an era; middle class (of a nursery school, etc.)
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
nucleus; backbone; medium-level; mid-level; main body (of troops); crack troops
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
world; society; people; the public
immediately; at once; instantly
to close (one's eyes); to shut
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
self-satisfaction; (self-)complacency; smugness
choking; suffocating; stifling; oppressive; heavy
willpower; guts; determination; character; nature; disposition
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to defy; to disobey; to rebel against; to oppose; to resist
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
splitting the cost; Dutch treat
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to give (someone) a treat; to be extravagant; to live luxuriously; to be proud; to be haughty
to comfort; to console; to amuse
answering machine; answer phone
connection; attachment; changing trains; conjunction
polite; courteous; careful; close; overly courteous; overly careful