indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated
joining a company; getting a job with a company; entering a company
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
thousand years; many years
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
one's post; place of work; workplace
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to fight against; to oppose; to face
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to stay in one's heart; to be enduringly memorable; to be unforgettable
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)