Black Tortoise (god said to rule over the northern heavens); seven mansions (Chinese constellations) of the northern heavens
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
vengeance; revenge; retaliation
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
bill collection; bill collector
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
(medical) doctor; physician
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
stomach; Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
han; fan; unit that doubles the score of a hand