mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
impertinent; impudent; saucy; cheeky
headquarters; head office; main office
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mimicry; imitation (of someone, something)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
maiko; apprentice geisha; dancing girl
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
father; dad; husband; you; he
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
manufacturer (esp. a major company); producer; maker; device for making things; person who creates things
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
name; given name; first name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least