sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
district; section; sector
honorific/polite/humble prefix
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
manure; night soil; dung; fertiliser; fertilizer
mandarin (esp. the satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)); mandarin orange; tangerine; citrus (Citrus spp.)
railroad; railway; rail transport
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
means of making contact; intermediary; go-between; connections; influence; pull
to meet; to assemble; to congregate
form; tense; adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
(one's) exclusive use; private use; dedicated use; use for a particular purpose; exclusive use (of particular products); using only (e.g. a certain brand)
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
breathing of a sleeping person
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
one's feeling while riding; comfort (of a vehicle); ride quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
second (unit of time); arc second
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to listen carefully; to strain one's ears
breathing; respiration; knack; trick; harmony; balance
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
railcar powered by a diesel or gasoline engine; rail motor