skillful; adroit; craft; craftsmanship; plot; scheme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
physiology; menstruation; one's period; menses
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rise high (of water); to overflow; to swell; to be filled with (emotion, energy, etc.); to be bursting with; to be brimming with
course of a river; land along a river
high tide; high water; full tide
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
one-by-one; separately; in detail
lapping (e.g. of waves against the shore); steadily (advancing); gradually (approaching); sufficient (of the amount of liquid needed to cover a submerged object); just enough; (arch.) speedily
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
gun; wooden pole that wrestlers strike in practice; puffer fish
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
daimyo's main Tokyo mansion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
turning round; going around; turning about; surrounding; encircling
river; stream; River; the ... river
to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy; to accompany; to go with; to associate with (someone); to mix with
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
oddity; eccentricity; peculiarity
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
red-blossomed plum tree; red Japanese apricot
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
fusuma; Japanese sliding screen
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...