indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
rod; pole; neck (of a shamisen, etc.); shamisen; beam (i.e. the crossbar of a balance); single line (esp. as a flying formation for geese); penis
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
boy; son; baby boy; young man
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
name; given name; first name
to express (orally); to put into words; to say out loud
one's wife; wife (of somebody below the speaker in rank)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward