Japanese grosbeak (Eophona personata)
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Empress Suiko; Suiko Tenno (554-628 CE, reigning: 592-628 CE)
building of a Shinto shrine complex built upon the highest ground
crown prince; Prince Shōtoku
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rule; to govern; to reign over; to subdue; to suppress; to quell
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
admirable; charming; nostalgic; curious; eager to know (or see, experience, etc.)
memories; recollections; reminiscence
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
especially; particularly; above all; most of all; more than anything else
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
the Empress, the Empress Dowager and the Grand Empress Dowager; emperor's second consort; empress; palace of the empress; building of a Shinto shrine built on middle ground; demesne of the imperial palace
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity; community (of people with a shared trait, members, fans, etc.); scene; enthusiasts
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
travels; pilgrimage; itinerancy; (accumulated) experiences; (personal) history
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
nothing but; except; no more than