refutation; rebuttal; retort
cultivation; refinement; culture; education
five generations; fifth generation immigrant; gosei; the fifth (e.g. George V)
substantial matter; significant item
to repaint; to paint again; to break (a record); to rewrite; to remake
(what) one is trying to say; (what) one wants to say; (what) one is saying; (what) one means
to be fragrant; to smell (good); to stink; to smell (bad); to glow; to be bright
pushing back one's opponent while locked in close quarters; having a tendency towards; being close to
social contract theory (e.g. Rousseau's)
to consist of; to be made up of; to be concluded (e.g. of an agreement); to hold true (e.g. of a theory); to be viable (of a business, lifestyle, etc.); to carry on
to affect; to impact; to influence
down-market; popular; mass-market
all-you-can-eat; eating as much as one likes
big craze; boom; popular trend; widespread contagion; large outbreak
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
to sit; to squat; to be implicated
mutability (of worldly affairs); fleeting shifts and changes (of human life)
town; city; municipal; urban
Mediterranean Sea; Mediterranean sea (oceanography)
one large ...; a great ...
third; tertiary; cubic (function, equation, etc.); third-order
Punic Wars (between Rome and Carthage)
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
labour pains; labor pains; birth pains; contractions
boundary; border; limit; bounds; frontier