wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus sieboldianus)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
two persons; two people; pair; couple
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to join (hands); to take (each other's hands); to scramble for; to struggle for; to pay attention to; to take notice of
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
open field; empty lot; plain
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
soft rush (Juncus effusus var. decipiens); common rush
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to border; to fringe; to hem; to edge
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hack; inferior horse; inferior person; incapable person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that