to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
to be given; to be granted; to be honored with; to give; to bestow; to confer
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
temple; monk's quarters; monk
great burdock (Arctium lappa); gobo
enshrinement hall (of a buddha); temple; cathedral (esp. Catholic)
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law
descendant (usu. of a certain generation); (arch.) lineage; (arch.) pedigree; (arch.) grandchild
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
dojo; hall used for martial arts training; manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)
Muromachi shogunate (1336-1573)
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
rule; reign; government; governing
disorder; chaos; confusion
(act of) building (temple, monument, etc.); erection
society; public; community; social studies
disturbance; agitation; commotion; upheaval; riot
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
military preparation; armaments; defenses; defences
moat; fosse; trench; ditch
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
fortress; castle; citadel; enclosure; castle walls
of course; certainly; naturally
instantly; immediately; equals; means; oneness (of two opposing things); inseparability
to be inferior to; to be less good at; to fall behind
being filled with; being full of; permeation
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
used item; secondhand item; old; used; previous
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
child; young lad; stripling; greenhorn; inexperienced person
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
unable to stomach; sticking in one's throat; displeased with
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)