preface; foreword; introduction
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
southwestern part; the southwest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
medical science; medicine
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
book; volume; this; present; main; head
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
medical care; medical treatment
progress; advance; improvement; development
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
general; overall; across-the-board
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
author (usu. of a particular book); writer