noshi; long thin strip of dried abalone in folded patterned paper, attached to a gift
impregnable castle; inner castle citadel; golden castle (nickname for Nagoya Castle)
manuscript; version; draft
abolish Buddhism, destroy Shākyamuni (slogan of anti-Buddhist movement at the beginning of the Meiji era)
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
foreign; imported; outpatient; outpatient care; outpatient clinic
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
questions and answers; dialogue
anguished; distressed; worried; horny
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
Tsushima (former province located on Tsushima Island in present-day Nagasaki Prefecture); Tsushima (island)
colloquial writing; text written in a spoken form of the language
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
medium-ranked councillor in the Department of State
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
previous ruler; ancestors
evil deed; wrongdoing; crime; misfortune; calamity
thorn; spine; splinter (esp. lodged in one's flesh); hard sharp item (esp. lodged in one's throat, e.g. fish bone); biting words
though; notwithstanding; although
to sharpen; to hone; to wash (rice); to scour; to polish
bad reputation; ill repute; bad name; (arch.) evil deed; (arch.) wrongdoing; (arch.) wrongdoer
used; second-hand; old; Middle Ages (in Japan esp. Heian period)
Ashikaga Yoshiaki (1537-1597.10.9), Shougun 1568-1573
to push aside; to brush aside
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful
power; might; authority; spirits; vigor; vigour
to be remembered; to go down in history
foreign enemy; outside invader
to press down; to hold down; to pin down; to suppress (feelings, disorder, opposition, etc.); to repress
wrong course; evil course
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
filthy; unfair; dirty; untouchable; disgusting; nasty
Buddhist priest; bonze; close-cropped hair; crew cut; boy; sonny
nonsense; irresponsible remark; codswallop; random; haphazard; unsystematic
to weigh on one's mind; to trouble one's heart; to be concerned about; to worry about
large enterprise; big business; large undertaking
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain