one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
foxtail millet (Setaria italica); Italian millet (also Hungarian, German)
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
before the gate; in front of the gate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
large utensil stand (tea ceremony)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
chopping board; cutting board
geta; Japanese wooden clogs; turn (in set-type proofing); upside-down character
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
from the beginning; without hesitation; flatly (e.g. refusing); entirely; completely
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in that way; thus; so; so?
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
bedside; near one's pillow
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
one flower; one wheel; (arch.) full moon
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for