particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
time; hour; period; class
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
to spend; to expend; to waste; to squander; to devote
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
six o'clock; six periods of a day (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, midnight, late night)
river; stream; River; the ... river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
camping; campground; making camp
beautiful weather; clear and cloudless sky; clear Japanese weather
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
last night; yesterday evening
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
accompanying; travelling together; traveling together; same bank
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
counter for birds, rabbits, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
Echigo (former province located in present-day Niigata Prefecture)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
party; gang; company; squad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)