Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cripple; disabled person; invalid
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lay down; to wear (a sword, etc.) at one's side
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
acquaintance; friend; (arch.) lover
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
encouragement (as an abstract concept); stimulation
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
by means of; due to; because of; according to
poor (living); barely continuing; just scraping along; very narrow
while; during; while; although; all; both
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in the meanwhile; during the time
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
dictation; verbal statement
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
short sentence; short piece of writing (e.g. passage, article, composition)
ceremonial hall (e.g. wedding, funeral); hall for ceremonies; place of ceremony
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to read (a book, etc.) over again
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
something like ...; something called ...
fault; defect; flaw; failure (in an examination); failing grade
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence