author (usu. of a particular book); writer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
annual function; annual event
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lately; recently; nowadays
again; once more; a second time
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
should; must; -able; probably; likely
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
direction; way; point of the compass; cardinal direction; method; means
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
long (time that has passed); old (story)
such; this sort of; like this
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
on the contrary; rather; all the more; instead
estimate; guess; direction; bearings; registration mark (printing); approximately
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)