paralysis; palsy; numbness; stupor
irregular; unseasonable; changeable; unsettled; abnormal
firm; strong; unbending; unyielding; uncompromising; stubborn
opposition; resistance; insubordination; defiance; hostility; rebellion
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
Spain; Spanish (language)
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
Hizen (former province located in present-day Saga and Nagasaki prefectures, excluding Tsushima and Oki Islands)
Atypus karschi (Asian species of mygalomorph spider); tsuchigumo (people of ancient Japan who were not subjects of the Yamato court)
Shoku Nihongi (second of the six classical Japanese history texts)
Emperor Mommu; Mommu Tenno (683-707 CE, reigning: 697-707 CE)
sake cup; small deep porcelain bowl for serving food
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
opening; aperture (e.g. camera); opening one's mouth; beginning to speak; open; broad
preparation; provision; guarding
Kinki region (Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Mie and Shiga prefectures)
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
management; administration; operation; running (business); conducting
to walk; to move forward; to make progress
(arch.) peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); foreigner; barbarian
pressure; oppression; suppression
to pull up; to drag up; to increase; to raise (e.g. taxes); to withdraw; to leave; to promote (someone to a higher position)
territories in the vicinity of Kyoto; territories in the vicinity of the imperial palace
residence; abode; dwelling
extinction; extermination; eradication; stamping out; wiping out
to consider as; to regard (as equivalent); to deem (as); to equate
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
to die out; to become extinct
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
before god; before an altar
strange custom; quaint custom
miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans; innards (from crabs, shrimps, etc.) resembling miso; key (main) point; good part (of something); weakling
dictionary; lexicon; (arch.) letter of resignation
upper stream; upper course; upstream; upper classes
Wadō era (708.1.11-715.9.2)