mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be titled (e.g. a book); to be named
study; research; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
serialization; serialisation; serial story
number one; first; best; most; game; round
kind; gentle; considerate; generous; friendly; nice
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
criticism; critique; review; commentary
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sesame seeds; sesame (Sesamum indicum)
sesame seeds; sesame (Sesamum indicum)
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
kind; sort; type; equal; match; peer
severe criticism; damnation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to feel; to sense; to experience
of course; certainly; naturally
very; greatly; exceedingly
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible