crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
ghee (held to be the greatest of all flavours); (fig.) the ultimate truth of Buddhism; (fig.) nirvana
Oki (former province located on Oki Island in present-day Shimane Prefecture); Oki (island)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
banishment (to a location far from the capital); the harshest of the three banishment punishments under the ritsuryo system
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
sink (e.g. in a kitchen); cruising (e.g. taxi); strolling (entertainer, musician, etc.); washing area (in a Japanese-style bath); back-washing service (in a public bath); floating (something on water)
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
second day of the month; two days
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
situation; state of things; current affairs
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
weird; ominous; eerie; uncanny; ghastly
groundless rumor (rumour)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora); camphorwood; camphor laurel
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
surrender (fall) of a castle
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly