empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
society; company; the public; the world
(not) in the slightest; (not) at all
previous ruler; ancestors
essence; true nature; substance; reality
reality; actuality; hard fact
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
political situation; political affairs
observation; survey; watching
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
negative; passive; half-hearted; unmotivated
doctrine; rule; principle; -ism
peace; security; tranquility; tranquillity
retention; maintenance; preservation
public opinion; popular voice; public sentiment; consensus
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to get tired of; to lose interest in; to be fed up with; to have enough
from the viewpoint of; according to
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
selfish; egoist; (arch.) self-indulgent; (arch.) wilful; (arch.) willful
overripeness; full maturity; full development
samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation); being immersed in; being absorbed in; prone to; apt to
ecdysis; shedding (of skin); sloughing; freeing oneself; breaking with (convention, etc.)
passive; negative; conservative; depolarization
active; positive; progressive
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to start the debate; to get the ball rolling; to fire the first shot; to start a conversation
remote island; distant island; punishment by exile to a remote island
to drive away; to order off; to chase away; to force into an unpleasant situation (bankruptcy, prostitution, suicide, etc.)
general public; the masses
gambling den; gambling house
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)