to take part in; to be a party to; to side with; to support; to agree with
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
beginning; outset; first; onset
beacon; skyrocket; signal fire; starting shot; starting signal
tie up; bind; sum; total amount; judo choking (strangling) techniques; last meal eaten when going restaurant hopping; completion
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
Awa (former province located in present-day Tokushima Prefecture)
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
existence or nonexistence; presence or absence; consent or refusal; yes or no
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
pleasant; delightful; enjoyable; joyful; cheerful; amusing
day by day; by the day; (arch.) daily; (arch.) every day
improvement (e.g. in skill, ability); advance; progress; communication of opinions of the general populace to those of high rank
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
(arch.) southern barbarians (formerly used by the Chinese to refer to non-ethnic Chinese to the south); (arch.) South-East Asia; (arch.) Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal, their South-East Asian colonies, and their goods and people arriving in Japan via the colonies); exotic (esp. Western European or South-East Asian style); (in dance, puppetry, etc.) thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm); nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
completeness; being fully equipped; (suit of) armor; armour
to wear extra clothes; to dress formally
surely (not); certainly (not)
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
to stagger; to stumble; to be unsteady on one's feet
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
close (e.g. of business); leaving (e.g. school); being outdone; compare unfavourably (with); closing price (stockmarket); sink mark (casting, moulding)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't