mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dense (vegetation); thick; prominent; popular; gloomy (mood)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
large tree; big tree; huge tree
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
western citadel; west wing of the Edo castle (where the heir apparent or retired shogun would live)
inner citadel; core; center; centre
tower; tall building; turret; lookout; (arch.) brothel
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
Tokushima (city, prefecture)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
solemn; grave; impressive
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
historic; historical; traditional
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
light; faint; pale; fleeting
land near a castle; castle town
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line