Japan and Portugal; Japanese-Portuguese
firm adherence to one's principles; chastity (of a woman)
the Japanese; Japanese side; Japanese delegation; Japanese representatives
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
spoken language; colloquial speech; (modern) spoken Japanese; written style based on (modern) spoken Japanese
dialogue; discussion; conversation; interaction
to redraw (a line); to catch (a cold) again; to consult (a reference) again
Latin alphabet; Roman alphabet; romaji; romanized Japanese; system of transliterating Japanese into the Latin alphabet
to spell; to write; to compose; to bind (e.g. documents); to patch
surplus power; momentum; impetus; inertia
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
Sekigahara (battle site, 1600); decisive battle; critical battle
trivial; not amounting to much; not a big deal
Fukushima (city, prefecture)
Katou Kiyomasa (1562-1611)
apostasy; renunciation (e.g. of a religion); defection
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
area under direct control (of the shogun)
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
space; room; vacancy; opening; free time; time to spare
the facts; the truth; the true state of affairs; in truth; in fact; in reality
arrival in Japan; coming to Japan; visit to Japan
execution by tying a victim to a post and stabbing with spears; crucifixion
one's nature; one's destiny; custom; tradition; habit
second line of a four-line Chinese poem
dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: swamp, west)
moderate; reserved; conservative; humble; mild-mannered; self-effacing
sensitive (person, heart, etc.); delicate (issue, problem, etc.); sensitive; fragile; delicate; delicate (fabric, shade, flavour, etc.)
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
full dress; formal dress; uniform
attendant; attendance upon another
Sunpu (old name for Shizuoka City)
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable; stubborn