haikai; collective name for haiku, haibun, haiga, senryū, etc.; humorous or vulgar renga poetry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that is to say; so that means
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
Japanese fiber banana (Musa basjoo)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
study; research; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
haiku; 17-mora poem, usu. in 3 lines of 5, 7 and 5 morae
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
literary history; history of literature
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
difference; variation; difference
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
world; society; people; the public
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to explain; to advocate; to preach; to persuade