haikai (collective name for haiku, haibun, haiga, senryū, etc.); haikai no renga (humorous, often vulgar style of renga which emerged in the 16th century); absurd; comical
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that is to say; so that means
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Japanese fiber banana (Musa basjoo)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
chief; main; principal; main secondary or supporting role (in kyogen)
about; on; regarding; per; for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
research; study; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
haiku; 17-mora poem, usu. in 3 lines of 5, 7 and 5 morae
whole; entirety; to begin with; in the first place; ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?")
literary history; history of literature
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
have to (do, be); must (do, be); is indispensable; is absolutely necessary
difference; variation; difference
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
world; society; people; the public
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to explain; to preach; to advocate; to persuade; to prevail upon; to reason with
exceedingly; extremely; decisively